Abstract: Objective To investigate the common species, density, and seasonality of rodents in human settlements and the surrounding environment in Shandong province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for assessing the risk of rodent-borne diseases and for preventing and controlling rodents effectively. Methods The data of rodents from the national vector surveillance sites in Shandong province from 2010 to 2018 were collected and sorted out, the constituent ratio of rodent species was analyzed, and the rodent density and its seasonality characteristics were compared between rodents of different species and from different habitats. Results A total of 1 374 rodents were captured from 2010 to 2018, and the total density of rodents was 0.82% trap capture rate. Among the captured rodents, the constituent ratios of Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Apodemus agrarius were 48.84%, 40.68%, and 7.79%, respectively, and their densities were 0.40%, 0.33%, and 0.06%, respectively. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species, followed by M. musculus. The rodent densities in rural residential areas, key industries, and urban residential areas were 1.16%, 0.74%, and 0.58%, respectively. The density of R. norvegicus was highest in rural residential areas and urban residential areas (0.42% and 0.35%), while the density of M. musculus was highest in key industries (0.56%). The seasonality of total density showed an atypical bimodal curve, with the peaks appearing from April to June and September to October. Apart from a slight increase in 2012, the total density of each rodent species remained stable with a slight decline in other years. The seasonality curves of rodent density in different species, habitats, and years were similar to the total density curve. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus and M. musculus are dominant rodent species in human settlements and the surrounding environment in Shandong province. The rodent density at surveillance sites in the whole province showed an overall downward trend from 2010 to 2018. May to June and September to October each year is the peak of rodent activity, and the rodent density was relatively high in rural residential areas and key industries. Rodent control in peak periods of rodent activity and in active habitats should be strengthened.

Key words: Rodent, Surveillance, Composition and density of rodent species, Different habitats, Seasonal fluctuation, Control measures

摘要： 目的 了解山东省人居及周边环境鼠类常见种类、密度及季节消长规律，为评估鼠传疾病风险和有效防控鼠类提供科学依据。方法 收集整理2010-2018年山东省病媒生物监测国家级监测点鼠类数据，分析鼠种构成比，比较不同种类、不同生境鼠密度差异及其季节消长特征。结果 2010-2018年共捕获鼠类1 374只，鼠类总体密度为0.82%，捕获的鼠类中，褐家鼠、小家鼠、黑线姬鼠的构成比分别为48.84%、40.68%和7.79%，密度分别为0.40%、0.33%和0.06%；褐家鼠为优势鼠种，其次为小家鼠。农村居民区、重点行业、城镇居民区的鼠密度分别为1.16%、0.74%和0.58%，在农村居民区和城镇居民区均以褐家鼠密度最高（0.42%和0.35%），而重点行业以小家鼠密度最高（0.56%）。总密度季节消长呈不典型双峰曲线，高峰出现在4-6和9-10月。各鼠种总密度除2012年略有上升外，其他各年总体呈稳中有降趋势。不同种类、不同生境和不同年份鼠密度季节消长曲线与总密度曲线大致相似。结论 山东省人居及周边生活环境以褐家鼠、小家鼠为优势鼠种；2010-2018年全省监测点鼠密度总体呈下降趋势；5-6和9-10月是鼠类活动高峰期，农村居民区和重点行业鼠密度较高。应加强在鼠类活动高峰期及活跃生境的灭鼠工作。

关键词: 鼠类, 监测, 鼠种构成及密度, 不同生境, 季节消长, 防控措施