Abstract: Objective According to the epidemic characteristics of rabies from 2014 to 2018 in Hebei province, China, to analyze the problems existing in the prevention and treatment of rabies, and to provide a scientific basis for strategy of prevention and treatment. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on the data of epidemic situation and case investigation of rabies in Hebei province from 2014 to 2018. Results There were 151 cases of rabies reported and distributed in all cities of Hebei province from 2014 to 2018. There were more cases in Baoding and Zhangjiakou than in other cities. No seasonal characteristics were found in the incidence of rabies. Rabies occurred mainly in male farmers. The majority (68.21%) of cases of rabies were aged 41 to 69 years. Hurtful animals were mainly domestic dogs (owned by family and neighbors), accounting for 54.05%, followed by stray animals, accounting for 37.84%. Injuries were located mainly in hands (40.52%), followed by the lower limbs (below the knees) and arms (25.49% and 11.76%, respectively). The median of incubation period was 65.50 days, and cases with exposed head and neck had the shortest incubation period. Up to 60.81% of exposure cases had the wound not treated, and even 93.92% of cases were not inoculated with rabies vaccines. Only 5.88% of grade Ⅲ exposure cases received injection of rabies immunoglobulin. Conclusion The focus of the prevention and control of rabies is still in the rural areas of Hebei province. Improving the coverage of vaccine for dogs and killing the stray dogs to reduce transmission and epidemic of rabies among animals are the key measures for reducing the incidence and epidemic of human rabies. Enhancing the propaganda for the hazards of rabies and preventive knowledge, timely wound treatment after exposure, and inoculation of rabies vaccine are the effective measures for prevention and control of rabies.

Key words: Rabies, Epidemiological characteristics, Prevention and control

摘要： 目的 根据河北省2014－2018年狂犬病发病特征，分析在狂犬病防治工作中存在的问题，为制定相应的防治策略提供依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法，对2014－2018年河北省狂犬病发病情况及病例个案调查数据进行统计分析。结果 2014－2018年河北省共报告狂犬病151例，全省各市均有发病，保定和张家口市较多，发病无明显季节特征。发病人群主要为男性农民，发病年龄以41～69岁为主，占68.21%。伤人动物以家养犬（自家养和邻居养）为主，占54.05%；其次是流浪动物，占37.84%。病例暴露部位以手部为主，占40.52%；其次是下肢膝以下和手臂，分别占25.49%和11.76%。发病潜伏期中位数为65.50 d，头颈部暴露者潜伏期最短。60.81%的病例暴露后伤口未进行处理，93.92%的病例未接种狂犬病疫苗；仅5.88%的Ⅲ级暴露者使用了狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论 河北省狂犬病防治的重点区域仍然是农村地区，控制人间狂犬病发生和流行的关键是提高犬免疫接种率，扑杀流浪犬，降低狂犬病在动物中的传播和流行。加强狂犬病防控知识的宣传教育、对暴露后伤口及时规范处理并接种疫苗是预防狂犬病的有效措施。

关键词: 狂犬病, 流行特征, 预防控制