Abstract: Objective To provide a scientific basis for the control of local imported malaria by laboratory diagnosis and epidemiological analysis of a case of transfusion-introduced falciparum malaria. Methods The medical records of the patient and epidemiological information of both the patient and the blood donor were collected and analyzed. The blood sample of the patient was analyzed by microscopy, malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). Results The patient had no history of tour in malaria epidemic area and history of malaria infection, but had a history of blood transfusion. Peripheral blood smear of the patient showed the presence of Plasmodium falciparum and both the results of RDT and nested PCR were positive for P. falciparum only. Follow-up study showed that the blood donor of the patient had a history of visiting the malaria-endemic area and being diagnosed with malaria. The blood sample RDT of the donor was positive for P. falciparum only, but the microscopic examination was P. falciparum negative. Conclusion The patient was a case of transfusion-introduced falciparum malaria. It is suggested that malaria screening before blood donation should be conducted to prevent the occurrence of transfusion-introduced falciparum malaria cases.

Key words: Plasmodium falciparum, Transfusion, Epidemiological history of malaria, Chenzhou, Hunan

摘要： 目的 通过对1例输血性恶性疟病例实验室诊断和流行病学分析，为当地输入疟疾防治提供科学依据。方法 收集和分析患者病历资料、流行病学资料以及供血者流行病资料；对患者血样进行疟原虫镜检、疟疾快速试纸条（RDT）和巢式PCR方法检测。结果 患者无外出史、无疟疾既往病史、有输血史，外周血涂片查见恶性疟原虫，RDT为单一恶性疟阳性，巢式PCR为恶性疟阳性；随访给患者供血者，有境外疟疾流行区外出史和疟疾既往病史，血样RDT为单一恶性疟原虫阳性，但疟原虫镜检阴性。结论 该患者为输血引起的恶性疟病例，建议相关部门加强献血者献血时疟疾筛查工作，以避免类似因输血引起的疟疾病例发生。

关键词: 恶性疟原虫, 输血, 疟疾流行病学史, 湖南郴州