Abstract: Objective Animal plague survey data in Yinchuan city form 1970 to 2014 were analyzed to provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of plague in this area. Methods The main host density of Yersinia pestis was investigated by pit clamp method. The nocturnal rodents were investigated by 5-meter or 5 meter clamp line method. The investigation of body fleas in rodents was carried out by combing their body surface. Pathogenic detection of plague was conducted by culturing rodent organs and taking liver and spleen tissue imprint. Forms were designed data of plague survey were collected, and a database was established in Yinchuan for 1970-2014. Results In Yinchuan city, area of 4 043 hm² was sampled, 6 369 rodents were captured during 1970-2014. The annual average density of Meriones unguiculatus was 1.58/hm² (0.10-3.34); We put 164 394 nocturnal mouse traps, and 13 572 rodents were captured, the average capture rate was 8.26% (2.17%-12.13%), and the number of nocturnal rodents changed greatly from year to year. A total of 25 038 rodents were examined and 7 000 of which carried flea on their body surface. The average flea rate was 27.96%, and the average flea index was 0.98 (0.09-2.84). In the past 44 years, 44 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated, of which 37 were detected by animals, and 7 strains were isolated from the fleas. In total, 5 453 serum samples were detected by indirect hemagglutination method (IHA), and 15 of which were positive. Conclusion In Yinchuan, M. unguiculatus plague foci only distributed in Tonggui town and Yueyahu township. Especially M. unguiculatus and M. meridianus were predominant species in the Yueyahu town ship, Xenopsylla conformis conformis is still the predominant flea, plague natural foci will be of long existence.

Key words: Yinchuan plague natural foci, Database, Meriones unguiculatus, Flea index, Yersinia pestis

摘要： 目的 分析1970-2014年银川市动物鼠疫调查数据，为该地区鼠疫的防控提供科学指导。方法 长爪沙鼠调查采用坑式布夹法，夜行鼠调查采用5 m夹线法；鼠体蚤的调查，采取梳检鼠体表方法；病原学检测采用剖检鼠类脏器并取肝、脾组织压印培养方法；设计表格，收集1970-2014年鼠疫相关调查数据和资料，建立银川市动物鼠疫调查数据库。结果 1970-2014年银川市共抽样调查样方4 043 hm²，捕获鼠类6 369只，各年平均密度在0.10~3.34只/hm²之间，沙鼠年平均密度为1.58只/hm²；夜行鼠调查共布放鼠夹164 394夹次，捕获鼠类13 572只，平均捕获率为8.26%，各年平均捕获率在2.17%~12.13%之间，年际间夜行鼠数量变化幅度较大。共梳检鼠体25 038只，染蚤鼠7 000只，平均染蚤率为27.96%，平均蚤指数为0.98。长爪沙鼠体蚤数量变化幅度较大，呈波浪式起伏，蚤指数波动在0.09~2.84之间。44年来共分离鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）44株，其中动物检菌37株，媒介蚤分离鼠疫菌7株。间接血凝试验检测动物血清5 453份，检出阳性血清15份。结论 银川市沙鼠鼠疫疫源地仅局限分布在兴庆区通贵乡和月牙湖乡，特别是月牙湖乡仍以长爪沙鼠和子午沙鼠为优势鼠种，鼠体蚤仍然以同形客蚤指名亚种为优势蚤种，鼠疫自然疫源性长期存在。

关键词: 银川市鼠疫自然疫源地, 数据库, 长爪沙鼠, 蚤指数, 鼠疫耶尔森菌