Abstract:

Objective To explore the risk factors of mosquito-borne diseases and to evaluate the effect of 1% temophos granule on the mosquitoes, so as to provide information for mosquito control operations. Methods The survey used a random sampling of eight residential areas, setting up the experimental and the control group in July-September in 2017 in Qibao town, Minhang district, Shanghai. After putting 1% temophos granule(Abate) into the rain wells, we investigated the positive rate of mosquito larvae, monitored the density of adult mosquito by CO₂ mosquito trap, and calculated the mosq-ovitrap index utilizing Mosq-ovitrap. The Excel 2007 software was used to establish the databas. The SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Counting data were expressed as percentages, and Chi square test and Rank sum test were used for correlation analysis. Statistical significant difference was decided at P<0.05. Results A total of 1 200 rainwater wells were investigated. The positive rate of mosquitoes between experimental group(74/592, 12.50%) and untreated control group(138/608, 22.70%) of rainwater wells had statistically significant differences(χ²=21.443, P=0.000). The positive rate of mosquito between experimental group(21/161, 13.04%) and control group(68/166, 40.96%) of grate type rainwater wells had statistical significance (χ²=32.163, P=0.000). Yet, the positive rate of mosquitoes between experimental group (53/431, 12.30%) and control group (70/442, 15.84%) of inspection wells had no statistical significance (χ²=2.259, P=0.133). In total, 1 696 adult mosquitoes were captured by CO₂ mosquito traps. The experimental group(average density 0.58 mosquitos/hour) and control group(average density 2.36 mosquitos/hour) had statistical significance(Z=4.460, P=0.000). The test showed that the density of Culex pipiens pallens(Z=4.374, P=0.000) and the density of Aedes albopictus(Z=4.459, P=0.000) were statistically significant by rank sum test, and there was no significant difference in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus(Z=1.000, P=0.317). A total of 900 mosquito ovitraps were deployed, with 825 retrieved and 299 positives. The Mosq-ovitrap index(MOI) had statistically significant(χ²=61.285, P=0.000) between experimental and untreated control groups in Ae. albopictus, MOI in the experimental group was approximately half of the control group. Conclusion The density of larval and adult mosquitoes could be effectively reduced through dosing 1% temephos granule into rainwater wells especially grate type in residential areas. The control effect is particularly obvious to Ae. albopictus.

Key words: Rainwater wells, 1% parathion, Mosquito, Residential area, Mosq-ovitrap index

摘要：

目的 调查1%双硫磷对上海市闵行区居民区雨水井蚊虫的防制效果，为制定居民区蚊媒传染病防控方案提供依据。方法 2017年7-9月在上海市闵行区七宝镇随机抽取8个居民区，分别设置实验组和对照组，在雨水井内投放1%双硫磷（安备）颗粒剂，调查雨水井内幼蚊的阳性情况，采用CO₂法监测成蚊密度，白纹伊蚊密度监测采用诱蚊诱卵器法。采用Excel 2007软件建立数据库并使用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析。计数资料以率和百分比表示，相关性分析采用χ²检验及秩和检验。结果 共调查雨水井1 200个，实验组和对照组幼蚊孳生阳性率分别为12.50%（74/592）和22.70%（138/608），箅子型雨水井阳性率分别为13.04%（21/161）和40.96%（68/166），差异均有统计学意义（χ²=21.443、32.163，P=0.000）；实验组及对照组检查井阳性率分别为12.30%（53/431）和15.84%（70/442），差异无统计学意义（χ²=2.259，P=0.133）。共捕获成蚊1 696只，实验组和对照组幼蚊平均密度分别为0.58和2.36只/h，差异有统计学意义（Z=4.460，P=0.000）。经秩和检验，淡色库蚊密度（Z=4.374，P=0.000）和白纹伊蚊密度（Z=4.459，P=0.000）差异均有统计学意义；三带喙库蚊密度差异无统计学意义（Z=1.000，P=0.317）。共布放诱蚊诱卵器900个，回收825个，阳性容器299个，实验组和对照组白纹伊蚊诱蚊诱卵器指数（MOI）差异有统计学意义（χ²=61.285，P=0.000），实验组MOI约为对照组的50.00%。结论 对居民区雨水井尤其是箅子型雨水井投放1%双硫磷颗粒剂可有效降低幼蚊及成蚊密度，其中对白纹伊蚊控制效果尤为显著。

关键词: 雨水井, 1%双硫磷, 蚊虫, 居民区, 诱蚊诱卵器指数