Abstract:

Objective To understand larval breeding and species composition of dengue vector mosquitoes in residential area of Gengma county during the seasonal peaks, in order to provide a scientific basis for control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. Methods In August 2016, the Breatu index method was used to investigate the breeding and composition of Aedes larvae in all types of water containers in 6 residential areas of Gengma county. SPSS 19.0 software was utilized for data analysis by Chi-square test, Chi-square partition test and Fisher precise probability to explore the significance of species composition and positive breeding. Results In this study, a total of 361 households were surveyed, among which 62 households were confirmed positive. In total, 1 216 water containers were found, of which 106 were positive. The Breatu index(BI), house index(HI) and container index(CI) were 29.36, 17.17, and 8.72%, respectively. All of them were the highest in Mengjian township, 85.00, 60.00, and 18.48%, respectively. The BI of 4 sites reached the outbreak level for dengue fever. The main and positive water containers were buckets, which were 408 and 31 respectively. The positive rate of Aedes breeding in different types of containers was analyzed by Chi-square partition method. The highest positive rate of used tire was 32.89%(25/76) (α=0.004, P=0.002). Compared with Qingshuihe port, the composition of Aedes species in Mengding town was not statistically significant by Fisher method (P=0.123). Conclusion Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the vectors for dengue fever, were found in Gengma county, especially more predominant than that of Ae. albopictus in Mengding township and Qingshuihe port. The distribution range of Ae. aegypti showed the tendency of further expanding. The main types of Aedes breeding containers was used tires, followed by temporary containers, waste bottles, etc. These types of containers should be drained first, supplemented by adulticiding during the vector control operations.

Key words: Dengue fever, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Breeding site, Residential area

摘要：

目的 掌握云南省耿马县蚊虫密度高峰期登革热媒介伊蚊孳生情况，为制定虫媒传染病的防控策略提供科学依据。方法 2016年8月在耿马县6个居民区采用布雷图指数（BI）法调查各类型积水容器的伊蚊幼虫孳生和组成情况；采集阳性容器内的蚊幼虫进行鉴定；计算BI、房屋指数（HI）和容器指数（CI）；运用SPSS 19.0软件处理数据，采用χ²检验、χ²分割法和Fisher精确概率法对不同调查点伊蚊构成及孳生容器阳性率进行比较。结果 共调查居民361户，阳性62户，积水容器1 216个，阳性106个，总BI、HI和CI分别为29.36、17.17、8.72%，均以勐简乡最高，分别为85.00、60.00和18.48%，其中4个调查点BI达登革热高暴发风险等级；积水容器和阳性容器数均以水桶最多，分别为408和31个；轮胎伊蚊孳生阳性率最高，达32.89%（显著水平α=0.004，P=0.002）；孟定镇城区与清水河口岸伊蚊孳生构成差异无统计学意义（P=0.123）。结论 耿马县存在登革热主要媒介埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊分布，特别是孟定镇城区和清水河口岸埃及伊蚊分布优势明显，且分布范围有扩大趋势；主要孳生容器以轮胎为主，其次为其他暂时性容器和废弃瓶罐等，在媒介生物控制中应以清除以上类型容器为主，辅以成蚊杀灭措施。

关键词: 登革热, 埃及伊蚊, 白纹伊蚊, 孳生地, 居民区