Abstract:

Objective To guide the prediction and control of farmland rodents through revealing the population dynamics of Tscherskia triton. Methods The investigations were carried out from January to December by night trap method during 1994 to 2014 and 500 clamp traps were used in 5 monitoring sites every early month. Some indexes of the captured samples, including body weight, body length, tail length, auricular height and hind-foot length were measured. The samples were dissected to investigate the reproduction situation. The effects of population age structure and reproductive capacity of T. triton, the change of grain acreage and artificial control on population dynamics were analyzed based on the body weight of T. triton. Results Population decreased dramatically when population age structure of T. triton was not complete. The number of adult reproductive females and the population of T. triton were positively related from May to September. Thus, the number of adult reproductive females could be used as the prediction for population dynamics during this period. Population could decrease by changing grain acreage and implementing the rodent pest control continually, which could affect reproductive capacity and population age structure of T. triton. Conclusion Changing grain acreage and artificial control could affect reproductive capacity and population age structure of T. triton. Population of T. triton decreased dramatically and could not recover quickly when population age structure was destroyed and reproductive capacity decreased to a certain level. In addition, the number of adult reproductive females during the main breeding season(from May to September)could be used as the important prediction for population dynamics of T. triton in Shunyi district.

Key words: Tscherskia triton, Population quantity, Seasonal fluctuation

摘要：

目的 通过调查大仓鼠种群数量和季节消长原因，为农田害鼠控制及种群发生预测提供依据。方法 1994－2014年，采用夹线法于每年1－12月进行调查，每月上旬选监测点农田5块，布放鼠夹500夹夜。捕获鼠测量体重、体长、尾长、耳高和后足长，解剖观察繁殖情况。以体重为指标，分析大仓鼠年龄结构及其繁殖力、粮食作物面积变化和人为控制因素对种群数量的影响。结果 种群年龄结构不完整时，大仓鼠群体数量急剧下降。5－9月成年以上雌繁殖鼠数与大仓鼠群体数量呈显著正相关，可作为预测群体数量变化的重要指标。粮食种植面积及持续开展的灭鼠工作对大仓鼠繁殖力和种群年龄结构产生影响，引起大仓鼠群体数量下降。结论 粮食种植面积和人为控制影响大仓鼠群体的繁殖力及群体年龄结构。当种群年龄结构遭到破坏，繁殖力下降到一定水平时，大仓鼠种群数量急剧下降且无法快速恢复；主要繁殖期（5－9月）成年雌繁殖鼠数可作为预测顺义区大仓鼠种群数量消长的重要指标。

关键词: 大仓鼠, 种群数量, 季节消长