Abstract:

Objective To provide a reference for the monitoring, early warning and prevention and control of vector borne diseases, by researching the population distribution and density fluctuation of vectors and their significance in vector-borne diseases and by summarizing the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), Scrub Typhus and intestinal infectious diseases for coastal beach area of Yancheng city. Methods To collect and process network-based report data of HFRS, Scrub Typhus and intestinal infectious diseases, human population information in the coastal beach area of Yancheng city; the vector population distribution, density fluctuation were monitored in coastal beach area from 2011 April to 2013 December. The pathogen were detected with fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and RT-PCR in small mammal tissues and their ectoparasites, mosquitoes and ticks. All data was analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS 16.0. Results (1) The rodent density was 3.60%, it was higher than that of the coastal areas of Jiangsu province and the rodent density in Jiangsu province. The rodent density in the field is higher than that of town (residential area). The rodent density appeared two peaks in winter and summer at 2011-2013, the winter peak was in January and the summer peak during May to August. Apodemus agrarius was the predominant species in the coastal area, the constituent ratio of 89.19%. (2) The mosquito densities (per light-trap hour) was 0.51. There was a peak of the mosquito density from May to October every year. The predominant species was Culex pipiens pallens which constituent ratio was 88.84%. (3) The fly densities (per cage) was 46.57. The predominant species were Chrysomyia megacephala, Musca domestica which constituent ratio were 45.17%, 25.70% respectively. (4) The cockroach's densities (per net) was 0.01, and the infestation rate was 0.30%. The predominant species was Blattella germanica. The tick index of Hedgehog was 7.75, and the density of free tick (per flag-hour) was 37.00. In the emergency monitoring at August 2015, the density of the tick (per flag-hour) was 0.25, the tick index of parasitic ticks in sheep, dog, hedgehogs, and weasel were 1.80, 0.02, 8.33, 10.00 respectively. Capture ticks are Haema-physalis longicornis, The Gamasid index was 0.26, and the Chigger index was 0.24 in Ap. agrarius surface. (5) The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases, Scrub Typhus were intermittent gradually increased, and HFRS increased sharply in 2010-2014. There was the winter peak of HFRS, the highest incidence in December, and the autumn peak of Scrub typhus in November. There were two peaks of intestinal infectious diseases in May and November. Two SFTS epidemic occurred for the first time in Dongtai area in 2015, and related to the history of fishing in the coastal beach and a clear history of tick bites. (6) In small mammal tissues, SFTS total antibody was positive only in 1 of hedgehog serum, and SFTSV nucleic acid was positive in the capture of free ticks. However, Hantavirus, Rickettsial and other pathogens were negative. Conclusion There were vectors such as rodents, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, ticks, fleas, and mites in Yancheng city coastal areas, and posed risk of vector borne diseases, which occurred from time to time. It should take effective measures to prevent and control outbreak.

Key words: arenavirus, Consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primer, Real-time PCR

摘要：

目的 通过对盐城市沿海滩涂地区病媒生物种群分布、密度消长及其致病性研究,并对此期间肾综合征出血热(HFRS)、恙虫病和肠道传染病进行时空特征分析,为沿海滩涂地区病媒生物性传染病监测预警和预防控制提供科学依据。方法 收集整理盐城市沿海滩涂地区2010-2014年HFRS、恙虫病和肠道传染病疫情资料、人口学资料,于2011年4月至2013年12月对该地区病媒生物种群分布、密度消长进行监测,采用荧光定量RT-PCR和普通RT-PCR检测鼠等野外小型动物组织标本及其体表寄生虫、蚊虫与游离蜱携带病原体,利用Excel 2003、SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 (1)盐城市沿海滩涂地区鼠密度为3.60%,野外环境鼠密度高于镇区(居民区),并呈现冬季(1月)及夏季(5-8月)2个高峰;优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠,占捕获总数的89.19%。(2)蚊密度为0.51只/(灯·h),5-10月为密度高峰,优势蚊种为淡色库蚊,占捕获总数的88.84%。(3)蝇密度为46.57只/笼,以大头金蝇、家蝇为优势蝇种,分别占捕获总数的45.17%和25.70%。(4)蜚蠊密度为0.01只/张,侵害率为0.30%,均为德国小蠊。刺猬的染蜱指数为7.75,游离蜱密度为37.00只/布旗人工小时。2015年8月应急监测游离蜱密度为0.25只/布旗人工小时,羊、犬、刺猬及黄鼬等动物寄生蜱的染蜱指数分别为1.80、0.02、8.33和10.00,捕获蜱均为长角血蜱。黑线姬鼠体表染革螨指数为0.26,染恙螨指数为0.24。(5)2010-2014年盐城市沿海滩涂地区恙虫病及肠道传染病的发病呈间歇性逐步升高,HFRS发病呈直线上升。HFRS呈现冬季高峰,最高发病月份为12月;恙虫病呈现秋季高峰,最高发病月份为11月;肠道传染病呈现5及11月2个发病高峰。2015年东台区域首次发生2起新型布尼亚病毒引起的发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)疫情,且2起病例的首发病例发病前均有在沿海滩涂相关河流垂钓和蜱叮咬的流行病学史。(6)采集鼠等野外小型动物内脏组织和血标本,仅在1份刺猬血清中检测到发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒(SFTSV)总抗体阳性,并在捕获的游离蜱中检测到SFTSV核酸阳性,而汉坦病毒、立克次体等其他病原检测均为阴性。结论 盐城市沿海滩涂地区存在鼠、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊、蜱、蚤及螨等媒介生物,具备传播病媒生物性传染病的风险。该地区HFRS、恙虫病等相关病媒生物性传染病仍在不断发生,且新发现了SFTS,应采取病媒生物监测及防制措施防控该类疾病暴发。

关键词: 沿海滩涂, 病媒生物, 种群分布, 季节消长, 致病性