Abstract:

Objective To understand the characteristics of rabies in recent 7 years in Shijiazhuang. To analyze the related epidemic factors of rabies and to provide basic evidence for management. Methods Collect the data about rabies in 2008-2014 of Shijiazhuang, analyze the characteristics and related epidemic factors. Results The number of rabies cases was 91 from 2008-2014, among which 83 cases were investigated. The ratio of male to female is 2.96:1, focused on above 40 years old. Mainly cases are famers, occupied 84.61%. Most of cases occurred in May to November, occupied 76.92%. Injury location was associated with incubation period, head bitten ones with the shortest incubation period of the injured. We found 53.01% cases haven't any preventive treatment after exposure. Total 75% of Ⅱ level exposure cases without full vaccination. The antiserum/immune globulin and vaccination were not done at the same time for Ⅲ level exposure cases. All of the animal's hurt cases were dogs, only 1.20% of dogs once were vaccinated. Conclusion The rabies occurred in summer and fall. Main cases are male, famers and above 40 years. The relevant factors as low rate of post-exposure prophylaxis and failed to have finished the necessary post-exposure treatment (PET) of the cases, nonstandard PET in hospital or local clinic, low rabies vaccination coverage in dogs might be responsible for rabies epidemics in Shijiazhuang.

Key words: Rabies, Epidemic factors, Post-exposure prophylaxis

摘要：

目的 掌握石家庄市2008-2014年狂犬病的流行特征。方法 收集2008-2014年石家庄市狂犬病疫情及监测资料,对流行特点及相关因素进行分析。结果 2008-2014年石家庄市确诊狂犬病病例共91例,男女性别比为2.96:1,40~、50~、60~岁年龄组发病居多;以农民为主,占发病总数的84.61%;发病集中于5-11月,占全年病例数的76.92%;病例大部分发生在农村县(区)。潜伏期长短与损伤部位有关,头部损伤者潜伏期最短。暴露后,53.01%的病例未进行任何处置。病例Ⅱ级暴露后75%未全程接种疫苗、Ⅲ级暴露后未同时注射抗血清和狂犬病疫苗。病例致伤动物均为犬只,仅1.20%的犬只注射了动物狂犬病疫苗。结论 石家庄市狂犬病流行特征夏秋季为高发期,男性、农民、>40岁为重点人群。暴露后预防治疗的处理率低、暴露后未规范处置、伤人犬只免疫率低是狂犬病发病的相关因素。

关键词: 狂犬病, 流行因素, 预防处置