Abstract:

Objective To understand the distribution of rodents, dynamics of rodent density and composition in hydro-fluctuation area of Three Gorges Reservoir after experimental storage, and provide evidence for the risk prediction and control of rodent-borne diseases. Methods Four surveillance sites were set in upper, middle and down reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir and surveillance were carried out twice after water drainage and before water storage every year. The small mammal density and the species composition in different regions, altitude and periods were analyzed. Results During 2010-2014, a total of 116 small mammals were captured and the average capture rate was 1.10% and on the decline overall. The captured small mammals were classified into six species. Apodemus agrarius was the predominant species accounting for 46.55% and Anourosorex squamipes was next with 25.86%. The average capture rate after water drainage (1.23%) was higher than that before water storage (0.90%). All captured small mammals distributed in all three altitude and the composition decreased from high to low latitude. The predominant species was different in three altitude. The predominant species in 166-175 m altitude was A. squamipes accounting for 44.45%, followed by Rattus tanezumi (18.52% ); In 145-155 m and 156-165 m altitude, Ap. agrarius was predominant species accounting for 84.00% and 72.97%, respectively. Conclusion The average capture rate was low and there was various species of rodent in hydro-fluctuation area. The density and species composition of small mammals varies with different regions, altitude and monitoring time. The host animals of hemorrhagic fever of renal syndrome, Leptospinosis and commensal rodent plague may be of risks in hydro-fluctuation area of Three Gorges Reservoir. It should be strengthened to monitor the host animals and take the corresponding control measures in the area based on the risk assessment.

Key words: Three Gorges Reservoir, Hydro-fluctuation area, Small mammals

摘要：

目的 了解长江三峡水库试验性蓄水以来库区消落区小兽分布特征及动态变化,为鼠传疾病风险预测及防控提供依据。方法 在三峡库区上、中、下游确立4个监测点,于每年的蓄水前期和退水后期开展小兽监测,对不同区域、不同高程、不同时期小兽密度及其构成变化进行分析。结果 2010-2014年,三峡库区消落区平均小兽密度为1.10%,小兽密度总体呈下降趋势。捕获的小兽分属于6种,黑线姬鼠为优势种,占捕获总数的46.55%,其次为四川短尾鼩,占25.86%;退水后平均小兽密度(1.23%)高于蓄水前(0.90%);捕获的116只小兽在3个高程均有分布,由高至低构成比依次减少,分别为46.55%、31.90%和21.55%;不同高程优势种不同,166~175 m高程以四川短尾鼩为优势种,构成比为44.45%,其次为黄胸鼠(18.52%);156~165 m和145~155 m高程以黑线姬鼠构成比最高,分别占72.97%和84.00%。结论 三峡库区消落区小兽密度较低,种类较多,小兽密度及其构成随不同区域、不同高程和不同监测时间而变化。该地区分布的小型兽类可能引起肾综合征出血热、钩端螺旋体病及南方家鼠型鼠疫等鼠传疾病,应继续加强鼠等媒介生物的监测,并采取相应的控制措施。

关键词: 三峡库区, 消落区, 小兽