Abstract:

Objective To explore the plague epidemiological trend of the nearly 25 years in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province, and to provide basis for implementation of the prevention and control measures. Methods Analyze the data of the human plague cases, plague surveillance and the plague foci research from 1990 to 2014 with the Excel software. Results There were 17 human plague outbreaks in 11 years out of 25 years from 1990 to 2014, 54 cases were reported, including 22 fatalities, the mortality was 40.74% (22/54). The patients were mainly distributed in the following 5 counties: Yushu, Nangqian, Qumalai, Chenduo and Zhiduo. Human plague cases occurred from May to October, the peak at July to October. The majority clinical cases were pneumonic plague (34/54, 62.96%). In 2004, pneumonic plague outbreaked in local area. Conclusion The plague epidemic situation in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province is still at high risk, the human plague in some area outbrook occasionally. So as to reduce human plague occurrence risk, while conducting the Marmot plague monitoring, the monitoring of Tibetan sheep plague should also be strengthened, and the comprehensive measures of plague prevention and control should be carried out.

Key words: Plague, Epidemic focus, Epidemiology, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

摘要：

目的 探讨青海省玉树州近25年来鼠疫流行势态,为制定预防控制对策提供依据。方法 应用Excel软件,对1990-2014年青海省地方病预防控制所收集的人间鼠疫病例数据、鼠疫监测和鼠疫疫源地调查资料进行统计学分析。结果 1990-2014年有11年发生人间鼠疫,共发生人间鼠疫17起,报告病例54例,死亡22例,病死率为40.74%(22/54)。患者分布在玉树、囊谦、曲麻莱、称多、治多5个县。人间鼠疫病例发生在每年的5-10月,高峰期在7-10月。临床病型以肺型居多(34/54,62.96%)。2004年出现了局部地区肺鼠疫暴发流行。结论 青海省玉树州鼠疫疫情仍然严峻,人间鼠疫局部地区暴发流行,在进行旱獭鼠疫监测的同时,应加强对藏羊鼠疫的监测,落实各项综合防控措施,以减少鼠疫的发生和流行。

关键词: 鼠疫, 疫源地, 流行病学, 玉树州