Abstract:

Objective To monitor the rodent population distribution and its seasonality, and provide scientific evidence for controlling the infestation of rat and rodent destruction. Methods Adopting night trapping method and chosing medium mouse trap which specifications for 120 mm×65 mm, with fresh dough as bait. The mouse traps were placed along the wall base indoor and a certain terrains outdoor. Laying mouse traps in the monitoring sites of same areas at adjacent month were not allowed. Monitored once in the mid-month, rainy day does not monitor, laying mouse traps at night and recoverying at daytime. Count the numbers of effective mouse trap and mouse. Finally, calculate the rat density. Results A total of 254 rodents were captured from 2008 to 2012, with a mean density of 1.26%. Of all rodents, the dominant species was Rattus flavipectus (67.32%). The rodent density followed a double-peak curve, with the first peak in March and the second peak in September and October. The density of rodents was the highest in the key units, followed by general unit, residential indoor and outdoor environments. Conclusion For the rodents in Changning, their community composition and seasonal density fluctuation are acquired. It is suggested to take integrated rodent control measures and enhance long-term monitoring, early warning, and prevention of rodents and rodent-borne diseases according to the habits and characteristics of rodents and their seasonal density fluctuations.

Key words: Rodent density, Species composition, Seasonality

摘要：

目的 掌握上海市长宁区鼠类种群结构的动态变化和季节消长规律,为鼠类防治及鼠传疾病的预防控制提供科学依据。方法 统一选用中号鼠夹,规格为120 mm×65 mm,以新鲜油条为诱饵。在室内沿墙基放置,室外沿一定地势放置。相邻月份在监测点内的不同区域布放鼠夹,区域之间距离 > 0.25 km,3个月内不在同一区域内布夹。1－12月每月中旬监测1次,雨天顺延;晚放晨收,计数有效夹数、捕获鼠数,计算鼠密度。结果 2008－2012年共捕获鼠类254只,平均密度为1.26%;黄胸鼠(67.32%)为优势种,褐家鼠占24.80%,小家鼠占7.88%;长宁区的鼠密度呈现典型的双峰型曲线,3月出现第1个密度高峰,9－10月出现第2个密度高峰;不同生境鼠密度重点行业 > 一般单位 > 居民室内 > 外环境。结论 基本掌握了长宁区鼠类种群构成及季节消长情况,建议根据鼠种的种群构成及季节消长特点,采取综合性防制措施,并加强对鼠类及其传播疾病的长期监测、预警和防制对策的研究。

关键词: 鼠密度, 种群构成, 季节消长