Abstract:

Objective To study the changes in ecological habits of important malaria vectors in the epidemic-prone regions of malaria in Yunnan province, China. Methods Light traps were used to collect mosquitoes in households and cowsheds all night, and human landing collection was used to study the pattern of mosquito activities at night in Jinghong city, Yuanjiang county, Suijiang county, and Longling county. The host source of mosquito blood meal was identified by multiplex PCR analysis. Results A total of 44 635 mosquitoes from 18 species were collected, of which Anopheles sinensis, An. minimus, An. lesteri, An. kunmingensis, and other species accounted for 59.30% (26 468), 5.44% (2428), 0.22% (100), 3.63% (1620), and 31.41% (14 019), respectively. The peaks of night activity for different Anopheles mosquito species were as follows: between 23:00 and 00:00 for An. minimus in Jinghong, between 20:00 and 21:00 for An. sinensis in Jinghong and Yuanjiang, between 02:00 and 03:00 for An. sinensis in Suijiang, and before 22:00 for An. kunmingensis. The expected lifespans of An. sinensis, An. minimus, and An. kunmingensis were relatively long, between 0.90 and 1.00. The human blood indices for An. sinensis, An. minimus, and An. kunmingensis were 0.30, 0.50, and 0.30, respectively. Conclusion The ecological habits of An. minimus, An. sinensis, and An. kunmingensis have changed, and whether these changes lead to alterations in the endemic characteristics of malaria in those regions awaits further investigation.

Key words: Malaria vector, Ecological habit, Epidemic-prone region of malaria, Yunnan province

摘要：

目的 了解云南省疟疾疫情不稳定地区重要传疟媒介按蚊生态习性的变化。方法 在景洪市、元江、绥江和龙陵县4个疟疾不稳定区,采用诱蚊灯人(畜)房通宵捕获蚊虫,通宵人工诱捕观察蚊虫夜间活动节律,应用多重PCR方法检测蚊虫胃血血源。结果 4个调查点共捕获18种44 635只按蚊,其中中华按蚊26 468只,微小按蚊2428只,雷氏按蚊100只,昆明按蚊1620只,其他按蚊14 019只,分别占所获按蚊总数的59.30%、5.44%、0.22%、3.63%和31.41%。景洪市微小按蚊夜间活动高峰在23:00-00:00;景洪市和元江县的中华按蚊夜间活动高峰为20:00-21:00;绥江县的中华按蚊夜间活动高峰为02:00-03:00;昆明按蚊夜间活动高峰主要在22:00之前;中华按蚊、微小按蚊和昆明按蚊日预期寿命较高,均在0.90～1.00之间;中华按蚊人血指数为0.30,微小按蚊为0.50,昆明按蚊为0.30。结论 微小按蚊、中华按蚊和昆明按蚊生态习性发生了变化,是否引起当地疟疾流行特征发生改变,有待于进一步调查。

关键词: 疟疾媒介, 生态习性, 疟疾不稳定地区, 云南省