Abstract:

Objective To investigate the species and densities of house rats and their fleas and to analyze the risk factors for plague prevalence in Xuanwei, Yunnan province, China. Methods According to the Plague Surveillance Guidelines in Yunnan Province the densities of house rats and flea-carrying rates were monitored in the town-level areas (villages, towns, or subdistricts) of Xuanwei from 1999 to 2012. The surveillance results were analyzed. Results Results During 1999-2012, a total of 1757 house rats were captured, with a mean density of 5.98% capture rate (peak level 11.36%). The dominant species were Rattus norvegicus (51.05%) and R. tanezumi (37.05%). The mean density of R. tanezumi was 2.22%, higher than the national standard (1%). The mean flea-carrying rate was 33.18%, and the total flea index was 0.84. No Xenopsylla cheopis was found. The dominant flea was Monopsyllus anisus (66.46%). A total of 1560 rodent serum samples were collected, and indirect hemagglutination assay was performed to detect F1 antibody. No positive samples were found. Conclusion No plague infection was found among rats in Xuanwei, but there is possibility of plague outbreak, noting the eco-epidemiological situation in the area.

Key words: Plague, Surveillance, Epidemiology, Risk factor

摘要：

目的 掌握宣威市家鼠鼠情、蚤情、蚤分布、密度等情况,分析宣威市发生鼠疫流行的危险因素。方法 按照《云南省鼠疫监测方案》,于1999-2012年对不同乡(镇、街道)的家鼠进行监测,并将监测结果进行分析。结果 1999-2012年共捕鼠1757只,平均鼠密度为5.98%,最高年份达11.36%,优势鼠种为褐家鼠(占51.05%)和黄胸鼠(占37.05%),黄胸鼠平均密度为2.22%,高于国家黄胸鼠控制标准(1%);平均染蚤率为33.18%,总蚤指数为0.84,未发现印鼠客蚤,优势蚤为不等单蚤(占66.46%);共获得鼠血清1560份,用间接血凝试验检测F1抗体,未发现阳性标本。结论 宣威市未发现鼠间鼠疫流行线索,但从环境、历史、鼠疫研究成果、鼠密度、染蚤率、优势鼠种、优势蚤等因素综合分析,存在着鼠疫发生和流行的可能性。

关键词: 鼠疫, 监测, 流行, 危险因素