Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, epidemic trend, and risk factors for rabies in Jiaxing city, Zhejiang province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods The data from the case questionnaires and post-exposure treatment outpatient clinics for rabies, which were reported by the notifiable reporting and surveillance system for epidemics in Jiaxing city from 1983 to 2011, were collected and analyzed. Results Fifty rabies cases were reported from 1983 to 2011 in Jiaxing, with an annual incidence rate not higher than 0.29/10⁵. There were two epidemic peaks. The annual number of cases was 1-5 from 2006 to 2011. Each county (district) of Jiaxing had at least one case reported, and 94.44% of all cases were from rural areas. More cases occurred in summer and autumn than in other seasons. The ratio of male to female cases was 1.78:1, and most of the cases were aged 5-9 years and 60-64 years. All suspected animals which might cause rabies had no history of immunization before. All cases were not subject to post-exposure wound treatment and vaccination. Conclusion The low immunization rate and failure of timely standardized wound treatment after exposure were associated with the epidemic situation of rabies in Jiaxing city, Zhejiang province, China. Therefore, measures should be taken to enhance the management of dogs, increase the vaccination rate of animals, further spread the knowledge about rabies control to the public, lower vaccination expense, and increase the rates of post-exposure wound treatment and rabies vaccination in Jiaxing, especially in the rural areas.

Key words: Rabies, Epidemiological characteristics, Risk factor

摘要： 目的 了解嘉兴市狂犬病疫情特点、流行趋势及其发病危险因素,为防控工作提供科学依据。方法 对1983－2011年全市法定传染病疫情报告监测系统报告的狂犬病流行病学个案调查表和暴露处置门诊等资料进行收集、整理分析。结果 1983－2011年全市共报告狂犬病50例,年发病率≤0.29/10万,疫情出现2个波峰,2006－2011年病例数在1～5例之间;各县(区)均有病例报告,94.44%的为农村病例,夏秋季发病较多,男女性别比为1.78:1,年龄以5～9岁及60～64岁为主;可疑动物均无免疫史,所有病例暴露后未开展伤口处置与疫苗接种。结论 嘉兴市狂犬病疫情与犬只免疫率低,暴露后未能及时、规范处置有关;因此要加强犬类管理,提高动物疫苗接种率;加强防治知识宣传;降低接种费用,提高暴露后伤口处理和狂犬病疫苗接种率,尤其是农村地区。

关键词: 狂犬病, 流行特征, 危险因素