Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Huxian, Xi’an, China, and to provide a scientific basis for effective control and prevention of HFRS. Methods The numbers of HFRS cases and deaths from HFRS in Huxian from 1971 to 2010 were collected. The incidence rate and mortality rate of HFRS, as well as the incidence rates in different areas, months, age groups, and occupations and their proportions, in Huxian from 1971 to 2010 were calculated. Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of difference in incidence between groups. The densities and virus-carrying rates of field mice and house mice and their proportions were calculated. Results The incidence of HFRS in Hu county reached its peak in 1984, with a case number of 1439 and an incidence rate of 298.65/10⁵. Then, it began to decrease since 1990s, but fluctuantly increased in recent years. HFRS cases were reported in every month throughout the year, with the highest and second highest incidence in June to July and November. There was significant difference in incidence between plain and mountainous areas (plain areas: 53.07/10⁵ vs. mountainous areas: 12.33/10⁵, χ²=228.79, P<0.05). The 15-60 age group accounted for the highest percentage of HFRS cases, and most cases were peasants. As for the host animals, Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in field mice, while Rattus tanezumi and R. norvegicus were the dominant species in house mice. The virus-carrying rate of mice was 2.78%, including 32 field mice (61.54%) carrying type Ⅰvirus, 3 (5.77%) house mice carrying type Ⅱ virus, and 17 mice (32.69%) carrying unclassified virus. Conclusion The incidence of HFRS decreased in general during the past 40 years in Huxian, Xi’an, China. However, Huxian is still one of the regions with the highest HFRS incidence in China, and the incidence of HFRS showed a rising trend in recent years. In addition to Ap. agrarius, which had been the only rodent species carrying virus causing HFRS in Huxian, more species of rodents carried other types of virus causing HFRS. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention, surveillance, and further study of HFRS in Huxian.

Key words: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Epidemic situation, Distribution

摘要： 目的 分析探讨西安市户县肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫情的流行病学分布特征, 为有针对性地开展疫情防控提供科学依据。方法 收集户县1971-2010年历年HFRS病例数、死亡数, 计算发病率、病死率以及不同地区、月份、人群的发病率及其构成比, 采用χ²检验分析各组间患病率差异有无统计学意义;计算居住区和野外的鼠密度、鼠带病毒率及其构成比。结果 1984年户县HFRS达到发病最高峰, 年发病1439例, 发病率298.65/10万;90年代发病人数开始下降, 但是近年来出现波动回升的趋势;全年各月均有发病, 出现2个流行高峰, 即6、7月的小高峰和11月的大高峰;平原和山区HFRS发病率差异有统计学意义(平原:53.07/10万, 山区:12.33/10万, χ²=228.79, P<0.05);发病年龄以15～60岁最多, 职业分布以农民为主;户县HFRS野外优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠, 居住区优势鼠种为黄胸鼠和褐家鼠;鼠带病毒率为2.78%, 其中野鼠型32只(占61.54%), 家鼠型3只(占5.77%), 未分型17只(占32.69%)。 结论 40年来陕西省户县HFRS疫情总体呈现波动下降趋势, 但仍是全国高发地区之一, 而且近年来有回升趋势;户县由原来单一的黑线姬鼠带病毒到多个鼠种带病毒, 鼠肺抗原分型、患者血清分型也由汉滩型扩展到汉城型, 因此仍需进一步加强疫情监测、防治和深入研究工作。

关键词: 肾综合征出血热, 疫情, 分布