Abstract:

Objective To get an insight into the ecological dynamics of Xenopsylla minax, the main vector of Rhombomys opimus plague for providing data for the prevention and control of the epidemic. Methods Mouse and animal fleas and those in and at the entrances of the holes in the plague surveillance areas of the ports were collected and examined to determine the number of pregnant fleas under microscope, and the dominant flea species collected from the sources month by month in the year were identified and classified with a chart showing the seasonal fluctuation of X. minax. Results It was found that X. minax was not only distributed in the open field and the suburb area, but also in the urban area of the port, accounting for 66.3% of all the fleas collected. It was the main parasitic flea of the R. opimus, and the secondary parasitic flea of many other rodents and variety animals in the area. The peak density of X. minax in mice was observed in April with a flea index of 12.87, and that of free flea in the holes and at the entrances of them in July with a flea index of 1.70. The reproductive period of female X. minax lasted from March to September, with the peak from April to June constituting 68.3% of all the pregnant fleas in the year. Conclusion X. minax is a flea species that can live all the year round in the Chinese frontier port bordering Kazakhstan with multiple hosts and wide distribution. It can be naturally infected with plague bacteria, bite people and suck blood. Good precautions should be taken in the peak periods of mouse fleas and free fleas in and at the entrances of the holes to prevent the plague from occurring among people.

Key words: Xenopsylla minax, Ecology, Seasonal fluctuation

摘要：

目的 掌握大沙鼠鼠疫主要传播媒介臀突客蚤的生态学动态规律，为防治提供信息和依据。方法 在口岸鼠疫监测区采集鼠、动物体蚤，洞干、洞口蚤，镜下观察孕蚤数量，将年度内逐月采集的鼠体、洞口洞干、孕蚤数的优势蚤种经鉴定、分类后绘制成臀突客蚤季节消长图。结果 臀突客蚤不仅在野外、郊区，而且在口岸城区均有分布。是大沙鼠的主要寄生蚤，占采蚤总数的66.3%，也是该区多种啮齿类和野生动物的次要蚤种。臀突客蚤鼠体蚤密度高峰在4月，蚤指数为12.87，其他各月也有臀突客蚤分布。洞干、洞口游离蚤密度高峰在7月，蚤指数为1.70。臀突客蚤雌性在3－9月为繁殖产卵期，但高峰在4－6月，占全年孕蚤数的68.3%。结论 臀突客蚤是中哈边境口岸周边四季均能生存的多宿主、广泛分布的蚤种。该蚤不仅能自然感染鼠疫菌，并可叮人吸血。在鼠体蚤、洞干、洞口游离蚤高峰期应高度警戒，以防止人间鼠疫的发生。

关键词: 臀突客蚤, 生态学, 季节消长