Abstract:

Objective To understand the distribution, composition ratio, the population density and seasonal variation of flies and the pathogens they could carry in the different major coastal ports in Fujian province. Methods The species, composition ratio and population density and seasonal variation of flies were investigated in the different frontier ports, such as Ningde, Fuzhou Airport, Mawei, Putian, Quanzhou and Xiamen from 2006 to 2009 years. The density(number/cage·day) was calculated by baiting cage. Statistical analysis with the software SPSS 11.51 was made to evaluate the density index and seasonal fluctuation of flies in different places. And the Aerobic plate count and Coliforms in the major flies were tested. Results A total of 190 034 flies, classified into 65 species (13 in Ningde, 40 in Fuzhou airport, 37 in Mawei, 32 in Putian, 18 in Quanzhou and 21 in Xiamen) that belong to 34 genera, 5 families, were captured from 2006 to 2009. Among them, Chrysomya megacephala (42.92% ), Musca domestica (14.93%) and Lucilia sericata (10.91%) were the dominant species. The density index was highest in rubbish heap(149.42/cage·day), followed by Sewage treatment plants (139.67/cage·day) and the palaces outside of food factories (132.18 /cage·day), with freight depot/storehouse (13.08/cage·day) being the lowest in the density. The peak density in Xiamen, the Airport and Mawei was about two months later than that in Putian, Quanzhou and Ningde. Except Ningde and Fuzhou airport, a bimodal density distribution with seasonal variation was seen in the four ports. A large number of total bacteria and coliform bacteria were detected in flies in some ports. Conclusion There are more fly species in Fuzhou Airport, Mawei and Putian. The density of flies in six coastal ports is much higher than that specified in the National Control Standard. The dominant fly species in all the coastal ports are similar. The Results of fly pathogen examination and the higher fly density reveal that there is a high potential risk of intestinal infectious diseases. Environmental remediation is the basic measure for the control of flies．

Key words: Flies, Environment distribution, Population density, Seasonal variation, Pathogenic bacteria test

摘要：

目的 了解福建省沿海各口岸蝇类分布、种群构成、密度、季节消长以及病原携带现状。方法 2006－2009年在福建省沿海宁德、福州机场、马尾、莆田、泉州、厦门6个国境口岸调查不同环境蝇种组成、种群密度和季节消长，以笼诱法计算蝇密度〔只/(笼·d)〕；对不同环境蝇密度和季节消长数据采用SPSS 11.51软件进行统计分析；对不同环境及重要蝇种进行细菌总数和大肠菌群检测。结果 在6个口岸共查获各种蝇类190 034只，隶属于5科34属65种，宁德查获13种，福州机场40种，马尾37种，莆田32种，泉州18种，厦门21种。在捕获的蝇类中，大头金蝇为优势蝇种，占捕蝇总数的42.92%；其次是家蝇和丝光绿蝇，分别占14.93%和10.91%。密度指数最高的生境是垃圾堆〔149.42只/(笼·d)〕，其次是污水处理场和食品厂外，分别为139.67和132.18只/(笼·d)；货站/仓库为最低〔13.08只/(笼·d)〕。厦门、福州机场和马尾口岸的蝇密度高峰期迟于莆田、泉州和宁德口岸约2个月；除宁德、福州机场外，4个口岸的蝇密度消长均呈双峰型。部分口岸及蝇类检出大量细菌总数及大肠菌群。结论 福州机场、马尾和莆田口岸蝇种较多；6个口岸蝇类密度远高于国家口岸蝇类控制标准，而优势蝇种基本一致。蝇类密度指数趋高和病原检测结果提示，口岸存在肠道传染病流行的潜在危险；搞好口岸环境整治是控制蝇类种群密度的根本措施。

关键词: 蝇类, 生境分布, 种群密度, 季节消长, 病原检测