Abstract:

Objective To explore the effective strategies for strengthening malaria control and prevention for ethnic minorities in the remote and poor mountainous areas. Methods Community mobilization, biomedical and behavioral intervention for malaria control were undertaken to promote the local residents economical, geographical, informational and cultural accessibility. Results The residents’knowledge on malaria transmission and prevention, symptoms and medical consultation got increased significantly. Compared with the parameters before the intervention，the odds ratios(OR)of people sleeping in insecticide- treated mosquito nets(ITNs)the night before the final evaluation survey, febrile patients seeking medical attention within 24 hours of onset, and utilizing the public health services for treatment were 37.85%(95％CI: 27.69%-51.88%), 22.28%(6.06%-96.87%) and 7.94%(1.78%-49.54%)respectively. The OR of the annual incidence, the smear positive rate of febrile patients and the indirect fluorescence antibody positive rate of people with a history of fever in the past year were 0.16%(0.08%-0.32%), 0.20% (0.10%-0.39%)and 0.34%(0.22%-0.51%)respectively. Conclusion Community mobilization in combination with biomedical and behavioral interventions for the control and prevention of malaria can effectively lower the incidence and prevalence of malaria in the local area.

Key words: Malaria control, Biomedical intervention, Behavioral intervention, Ethnic minority

摘要：

目的 探讨加强边远贫困地区少数民族中疟疾防治的有效策略。方法 采用社区动员、生物医学和行为干预并重的疟疾防治措施，改进居民疟疾防治服务经济、地理、信息和文化方面的可及性。结果 居民疟疾传播与预防、症状与求医方面的知识显著提高；与干预试验前比较，评估调查前夜睡在杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐(ITNs)中、发热后24 h求医和发热病例到公共卫生机构就医的比值比(OR)分别为37.85%(95％CI：27.69%～51.88%)、22.28%(6.06%～96.87%)和7.94%(1.78%～49.54%)；发病率、发热病例血片阳性率和一年内有发热史人员间接免疫荧光试验阳性率OR 值分别为0.16%(0.08%～0.32%)、0.20%(0.10%～0.39%)和0.34%(0.22%～0.51%)。结论 社区动员、生物医学和行为干预并重的疟疾防治措施有效地降低了当地疟疾的发病和流行程度。

关键词: 疟疾防治, 生物医学干预, 行为干预, 少数民族