Abstract:

Objective　The prevalence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was monitored and analyzed to reveal the epidemiologic characteristics of HFRS in Wenzhou, in order to provide the basis for development of the control and prevention strategies for HFRS. Methods　A descriptive epidemiologic approach was employed to analyze the prevalence of HFRS in humans in Wenzhou from 1981 to 2008. Cage traps were used to capture small mammals for investigation of the species composition of animal hosts. The indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the Hantavirus (HV) antigens in animal lungs, which were then genotyped by PCR. Results　A total of 383 cases were reported from 1981 to 2008 with an average incidence rate of 0.20/105. There were 13 death cases, with a fatality rate of 3.39%. The cases were distributed in all the ten counties (cities, districts) of the city, particularly in Ruian, where the number of cases accounted for 53.78%. Significant seasonality was observed as the prevalence peaked in winter (from November to January of the following year) when the number of cases accounted for 41.25%. Most cases were 20 to 50 years, accounting for 74.76% of the total number. In regard to the monitoring of host animals, the outdoor capture rate was 7.16% and the indoor one was 7.88%. The dominant species outdoors was Niviventer confucianus, followed by Rattus losea; the dominant species indoors was R. norvegicus, followed by R. tanezumi. A total of 422 rat lungs were investigated, resulting in nine HV antigen?positive specimens with the positive rate of 2.13%. The sole genotype of the extract of viral RNA in the HV antigen?positive rat lung tissues was SEOV. Conclusion　Comprehensive prevention and control measures, including strengthened monitoring, deratization and vaccination shall be implemented to effectively prevent HFRS epidemic.

Key words: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Incidence rate, Hantavirus, Genotyping

摘要：

目的　通过对肾综合征出血热（HFRS）监测分析，掌握温州市HFRS的流行规律，为制定HFRS防制措施提供依据。方法　采用描述流行病学方法对温州市1981－2008年HFRS人间疫情进行分析；用鼠笼捕捉小动物调查宿主动物种群构成，采用间接免疫荧光法检测小动物肺中的汉坦病毒（HV）抗原，用PCR进行基因分型。结果　1981－2008年全市共发病383例，平均发病率为0.20/10万，死亡13例，病死率为3.39％。全市10个县（市、区）均有发病，尤以瑞安市发病最多，占总病例数的53.78%。发病呈明显的季节性，冬季（11月至翌年1月）为流行高峰，占总病例数的41.25%。病例以20～50岁人群为主，占发病总数的74.76%。宿主动物监测发现野外捕获率7.16%，室内捕获率7.88%。野外以北社鼠为优势鼠种，其次为黄毛鼠；室内以褐家鼠为优势鼠种，其次为黄胸鼠。检测422份小动物肺，HV抗原阳性9份，阳性率为2.13%。提取HV抗原阳性鼠肺组织中的病毒RNA，基因分型全部为汉城病毒（SEOV）。结论　调查结果提示应采取加强监测、防鼠灭鼠、疫苗接种等综合防控措施，以有效预防HFRS的流行。

关键词: 肾综合征出血热, 发病率, 汉坦病毒, 基因分型