江苏省无锡市2020—2023年小型兽类感染病原体监测结果分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的掌握无锡市2020—2023年小型兽类（小兽）携带病原体的基本情况,为鼠传疾病防控提供依据。方法采用鼠笼法、粘鼠板法和夹夜法,在无锡市采集小兽,生境类型包括城镇居民区、农村居民区、重点行业（如餐饮店、商场超市、食品厂、宾馆、快递公司等）和农田耕地。对采集到的小兽标本进行种类鉴定,取肝、脾、肺、肾等脏器组织应用TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）或反转录qPCR（RT-qPCR）方法检测问号钩端螺旋体（钩体）、地方性斑疹伤寒立克次体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体（AP）、巴尔通体、恙虫病东方体（Ot）、土拉弗朗西斯菌（土拉菌）、汉坦病毒和大别班达病毒等病原体核酸。采用Excel 2013和R 3.6.2软件进行数据整理和统计学分析,阳性率的比较采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法检验。结果 2020—2023年共捕获小兽618只,问号钩体核酸阳性率6.31%（39/618）,汉坦病毒（均为首尔型）核酸阳性率0.81%（5/618）,地方性斑疹伤寒立克次体、AP、巴尔通体、Ot、土拉菌和大别班达病毒核酸均为阴性。2020年问号钩体核酸阳性率为19.81%,高于其他年份,不同年份间问号钩体阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ²=42.352,P<0.001）。不同年份汉坦病毒核酸阳性率的差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.920,P=0.591）。北社鼠、小泡巨鼠、褐家鼠和黄胸鼠的问号钩体感染率较高（均>6.00%）,褐家鼠和黄胸鼠存在汉坦病毒感染,核酸阳性率分别为2.14%和0.33%。褐家鼠问号钩体和汉坦病毒混合感染率为0.16%。锡山区问号钩体阳性率最高,为17.86%。农村居民区的鼠传病原体核酸阳性率较高,为16.13%。结论无锡市小兽的问号钩体和汉坦病毒（首尔型）感染率较高,应加强鼠及其携带病原体的监测和防制工作,减少人间发病的风险。

关键词: 小型兽类, 病原体, 钩端螺旋体, 汉坦病毒

Abstract: Objective To grasp the basic knowledge of pathogens carried by small mammals in Wuxi, 2020-2023, so as to get a basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases. Methods Small mammals were captured with rodent cages, sticky boards and night-snap trapping metheds in various habitats of Wuxi. The habitats included urban residential areas, rural residential areas, key industries (such as restaurants, supermarkets, food factories, hotels, express companies), and farmlands. After species identification, the collected small mammals were dissected to obtain the liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues to detect the nucleic acids of Leptospira interrogans, Rickettsia typhi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella, Orienta tsutsugamushi, Francisella tularensi, Hantavirus and Dabie bandavirus by TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or reverse transcription-qPCR. Excel 2013 and R 3.6.2 softwares were used for data collation and statistical analysis. Positive rates were compared using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results A total of 618 small mammals were collected from 2020 to 2023, of which 6.31% (39/618) were positive for L. interrogans, 0.81% (5/618) were positive for Hantavirus (all Seoul virus), and none was positive for R. typhi, A. phagocytophilum, Bartonella, O. tsutsugamushi, F. tularensis and Dabie bandavirus. There was significant difference in the positive rate of L. interrogans between different years (χ²=42.352,P<0.001), with the positive rate 19.81% in 2020, which was significantly higher than those in the other years. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Hantavirus between different years (χ²=1.920,P=0.591). Niviventer confucianus, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Rattus norvegicus, and Ra. tanezumi had high infection rates of L. interrogans (all>6.00%). Hantavirus infection was present in Ra. norvegicus (2.14%) and Ra. tanezumi (0.33%). The rate of coinfection with L. interrogans and Hantavirus in Ra. norvegicus was 0.16%. By region, the positive rate of L. interrogans in Xishan District was highest (17.86%). By habitat, the positive rate of rodent-borne pathogens in rural residential areas was relatively high (16.13%). Conclusions The infection rates of L. interrogans and Hantavirus (Seoul virus) are high in small mammals in Wuxi. It is necessary to strengthen surveillance, the prevention and control of rodents and related pathogens, to reduce the incidence of human cases.

Key words: Small mammal, Pathogen, Leptospira, Hantavirus

中图分类号:

R37
R183

邹亚明, 程进, 李满金, 兰策介. 江苏省无锡市2020—2023年小型兽类感染病原体监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024, 35(4): 429-434.

ZOU Ya-ming, CHENG Jin, LI Man-jin, LAN Ce-jie. An analysis of pathogen surveillance results of small mammals in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China, 2020-2023[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2024, 35(4): 429-434.

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