陕西省2010－2022年恙虫病流行特征分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.06.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析陕西省2010－2022年恙虫病的流行特征,了解恙虫病的发病水平,为制定恙虫病的预防和控制策略提供依据。方法收集陕西省2010－2022年恙虫病病例信息,采用Excel 2007和SPSS 18.0软件对恙虫病的发病率、三间分布特征及变化趋势进行分析；Joinpoint 4.9.1.0软件计算年度变化百分比和平均年度变化百分比；SuperMap 8C软件绘制发病率地图；圆形分布法计算发病高峰日和高峰期。结果陕西省2010－2022年共报告恙虫病938例,无死亡病例；发病率由2010年的0.04/10万上升至2022年的0.52/10万；病例涉及全省10个地（市）60个县（区）,主要分布在西安、安康、商洛和汉中市,4地病例数占比为97.33%；发病高峰在8月3日－12月5日,其中10－11月病例占比为59.80%,发病高峰日为10月4日；45～<75岁年龄组发病较多,占比为74.52%,男女性别比为0.97∶1；发病人群职业以农民为主,占比为87.85%。从发病到诊断的中位时间为6 d。结论陕西省恙虫病发病率呈现整体上升趋势,涉及范围不断扩大,呈现明显的地区和季节聚集分布,农村中老年人群高发。建议在恙虫病流行地区加强鼠类和恙螨密度监测,并对重点人群开展健康教育,野外工作做好个人防护,减少恙虫病的发生和流行。

关键词: 恙虫病, 流行特征, 疾病分布, 发病率

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Shaanxi Province, China from 2010 to 2022, and understand the incidence level of scrub typhus, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategies against scrub typhus.Methods The data on cases of scrub typhus in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2022 were collected to analyze the incidence, the spatial, temporal, and population distribution characteristics, and the changing trend of scrub typhus with the use of Excel 2007 and SPSS 18.0 softwares. The annual percent change and average annual percent change were calculated using Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software. The incidence rate was mapped using SuperMap 8C softwares; the peak day and peak period of incidence were calculated using the circular distribution method.Results A total of 938 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2022, with no deaths. The incidence rate increased from 0.04/100 000 in 2010 to 0.52/100 000 in 2022. The cases were distributed in 60 counties and districts of 10 cities of the province, mainly in Xi’an, Ankang, Shangluo, and Hanzhong (the total cases of the four districts accounting for 97.33%). The incidence was concentrated between October and November (accounting for 59.80%), and the peak period was from August 3rd to December 5th and the peak day was Oct 4th. The cases were mainly aged 45-<75 years, accounting for 74.52%, and the male-to-female ratio was 0.97:1. In terms of occupation, farmers accounted for an overwhelming cases percentage of 87.85%. The median time from disease onset to diagnosis was 6 days.Conclusions Scrub typhus in Shaanxi Province has shown an overall increasing incidence and involved a constantly expanding range, with significant regionality and seasonality and a high incidence among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas. In the endemic areas of scrub typhus, it is necessary to strengthen the density monitoring of rodents and chigger mites, promote health education for key populations, and ensure personal protection in field work, so as to reduce the occurrence and prevalence of scrub typhus.

Key words: Scrub typhus, Epidemiology characteristic, Distribution of disease, Incidence rate

中图分类号:

张路钱, 李欣欣, 宁少奇, 王舒, 年云鹏. 陕西省2010－2022年恙虫病流行特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023, 34(6): 777-781.

ZHANG Lu-qian, LI Xin-xin, NING Shao-qi, WANG Shu, NIAN Yun-peng. Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Shaanxi Province, China, 2010-2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2023, 34(6): 777-781.

参考文献

[1] Wei XY,Ou LL,Zhang WY,et al. Progress on epidemic characteristics,risk factors and prediction of tsutsugamushi disease in mainland China[J]. Acta Parasitol Med Entomol Sin, 2022,29（1）:60-66. DOI:10.3969 /j.issn.1005-0507. 2022.01.009.（in Chinese）卫宪钰,欧琳琳,张文义,等. 中国大陆恙虫病流行特征、危险因素及预测研究进展[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2022,29（1）:60-66. DOI:10.3969 /j.issn.1005-0507. 2022.01.009.
[2] Li GC,Li DM,Li Y,et al. Epidemiology of scrub typhus in China,2006-2016[J]. Dis Surveill,2018,33（2）:139-143. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2018.02.007.（in Chinese）李贵昌,栗冬梅,李焱,等. 2006－2016年我国恙虫病流行特征分析[J]. 疾病监测,2018,33（2）:139-143. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2018.02.007.
[3] Li GC,Wang YJ,Yue YJ,et al. Division of epidemic areas for summer- and autumn-type scrub typhus in China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30（3）:233-236. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.03.001.（in Chinese）李贵昌,王玉姣,岳玉娟,等. 我国恙虫病夏季型和秋季型疫区划分研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30（3）:233-236. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.03.001.
[4] Li W,Li GC,Liu XB,et al. Research progress in epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of scrub typhus[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2020,31（6）:738-743. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.06.025.（in Chinese）李文,李贵昌,刘小波,等. 恙虫病流行特征及影响因素研究进展[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31（6）:738-743. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.06.025.
[5] Zheng Y,Zhou BY,Zhu N,et al. Epidemiological characteristics and the strategy of vaccination on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Shaanxi Province,from 2006 to 2017[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev,2018,22（10）:1073-1075. DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.10.022.（in Chinese）郑媛,周步宇,朱妮,等. 陕西省2006－2017年肾综合征出血热流行特征及疫苗接种策略探讨[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2018,22（10）:1073-1075. DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018. 10.022.
[6] Yang R,Xie YQ,Liu L,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus cases reported in Hubei province,China,2009-2020[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2022,33（4）:543-547. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.04.019.（in Chinese）杨瑞,谢艳琼,刘力,等. 湖北省2009－2020年恙虫病报告病例流行病学特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2022,33（4）:543-547. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.04.019.
[7] Li ML,Wang WH,Li Y,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Henan province,2013-2019[J]. Pract Prev Med,2021,28（10）:1184-1186. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110. 2021.10.008.（in Chinese）李孟磊,王文华,李懿,等. 河南省2013－2019年恙虫病流行病学特征分析[J]. 实用预防医学,2021,28（10）:1184-1186. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2021.10.008.
[8] Lyu YN,Bie CH,Dou XF,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Beijing during 2009-2019[J]. Chin J Zoonoses,2021,37（3）:236-240. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-26942021. 00.028.（in Chinese）吕燕宁,别楚皞,窦相峰,等. 2009－2019年北京市恙虫病流行特征分析[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报,2021,37（3）:236-240. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-26942021.00.028.
[9] Liu YQ,Zhou XY,Hao CX,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Sichuan province from 2015 to 2021[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2022,28（3）:254-257. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2022.03.017.（in Chinese）刘雅琼,周兴余,郝彩霞,等. 2015－2021年四川省恙虫病流行病学特征分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2022,28（3）:254-257. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2022.03.017.
[10] Chen AX,Kong WR,Tian Y,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Changzhou,Jiangsu province,China,2012-2021[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2023,34（3）:372-377. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.03.015.（in Chinese）陈安喜,孔卫荣,田野,等. 江苏省常州市2012－2021年恙虫病流行特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2023,34（3）:372-377. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.03.015
[11] Huang SK,Xu B,Sun L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 67 cases of tsutsugamushi disease in Hainan[J].Chin J Endemiol,2023,42（2）:157-158. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn231583-20220621-00230.（in Chinese）黄圣楷,许斌,孙龙. 海南省67例恙虫病病例的发病及临床特征分析[J]. 中华地方病学杂志,2023,42（2）:157-158. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn231583-20220621-00230.
[12] Jin D,Song ZY,Wu YC,et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 74 cases of scrub typhus in Jiangxi area[J]. Chin J Infect Chemother,2023,23（1）:34-39. DOI:10.16718/j.1009-7708.2023.01.006.（in Chinese）金堤,宋志英,吴玉婵,等. 江西地区恙虫病74例临床特征及预后分析[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2023,23（1）:34-39. DOI:10.16718/j.1009-7708.2023.01.006.
[13] Niu H,Xiong XL,Xin DL. Advances in laboratory diagnosis for scrub typhus[J]. Infect Dis Info,2021,34（6）:490-493. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2021.06.003.（in Chinese）牛华,熊小路,辛德莉. 恙虫病实验室诊断研究进展[J].传染病信息,2021,34（6）:490-493. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2021.06.003.
[14] Tan XH,Peng ZQ,Lin WQ,et al. Epidemiological characteristics trends and death related influencing factors of scrub typhus,Guangdong[J]. Mod Prev Med,2022,49（23）:4259-4266,4293. DOI:10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202204552.（in Chinese）谭小华,彭志强,林文青,等. 广东省恙虫病流行特征时空变化趋势及死亡影响因素分析[J]. 现代预防医学,2022,49（23）:4259-4266,4293. DOI:10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202204552.
[15] Guo ZN,Chen M,Chen HF,et al. Epidemiology and control strategy on scrub typhus in Xiamen,China[J]. Chin J Zoonoses,2018,34（11）:1049-1055,1067. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2018.00.182.（in Chinese）郭志南,陈敏,陈华芳,等. 厦门市恙虫病流行病学特征与防控策略[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报,2018,34（11）:1049-1055,1067. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2694.2018.00.182.