浙江省2021年肾综合征出血热流行特征及宿主动物监测分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析浙江省2021年肾综合征出血热（HFRS）疫情及宿主动物种群分布和HFRS病毒携带情况,为制定精准有效的预防措施提供科学依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法对2021年浙江省传染病监测信息报告管理系统网络直报的HFRS病例资料和宿主动物监测资料进行统计学分析；率的比较采用χ²检验。结果 2021年浙江省共报告180例HFRS,年平均发病率为0.29/10万。病例主要集中于台州、宁波、绍兴和衢州市；全年均有病例报告,发病高峰时间集中在夏季5－6月和冬季12月,夏冬高峰持平；高发病人群为40岁以上年龄组,占发病总数的76.67%（138/180）,职业分布以农民为主,占61.67%。全省5个监测点共布放有效鼠夹11 921夹次,捕获小兽660只,平均小兽密度为5.54%；共检测小兽血清660份,其中抗体阳性35份,阳性率为5.30%；共检测小兽肺660份,抗原阳性15份,带病毒率为2.27%。各监测点小兽密度差异有统计学意义（χ²=16.161,P<0.05）,HFRS抗体阳性率（χ²=14.957,P=0.005）及小兽带病毒率（χ²=8.413,P=0.048）差异亦均有统计学意义。结论 2021年浙江省HFRS疫情呈现低水平散发,涉及地区广泛,监测点小兽密度普遍较高,小兽带病毒率波动明显,建议继续开展以科学灭鼠防鼠为主的综合防治措施。

关键词: 肾综合征出血热, 监测, 流行特征, 宿主动物

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the populations distribution and Hantavirus infection status of the host animals in Zhejiang province, China in 2021, and to provide scientific evidence for establishing preventive measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze HFRS case data and host surveillance data, which were online reported in the Communicable Disease Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System of Zhejiang province in 2021. The Chi-square test was used for rate comparison.Results A total of 180 HFRS cases were reported in Zhejiang province in 2021, with a mean annual incidence rate of 0.29/100 000. Most cases were observed in Taizhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, and Quzhou. The cases distributed throughout the year, peaking during May to June in summer and December in winter at similar levels. The high-incidence group aged over 40 years old, accounting for 76.67% (138/180) of the total cases. The main occupation was farmers, accounting for 61.67%. A total of 11 921 effective traps were set in the five surveillance sites in Zhejiang province, capturing 660 small mammals, with an average capture rate of 5.54%. A total of 660 serum samples of small mammal were detected, among which 35 (5.30%) were antibody-positive. Hantavirus was positive in 15 of 660 (2.27%) small mammal lung samples. There were statistical differences in capture rate (χ²=16.161, P<0.05), the positive rate of HFRS antibody (χ²=14.957, P=0.005), and the virus infection rate of small mammals (χ²=8.413, P=0.048) among the five surveillance sites.Conclusions HFRS was sporadic at a low level and distributed in extensive areas in Zhejiang province in 2021. The surveillance sites had generally high small mammal densities and fluctuating virus infection rates in small mammals, requiring scientific rodent control-based comprehensive prevention and control measures.

Key words: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Surveillance, Epidemiological characteristic, Host animal

中图分类号:

苏帆, 孙继民, 凌锋, 张蓉, 刘营, 王桢. 浙江省2021年肾综合征出血热流行特征及宿主动物监测分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023, 34(3): 378-382.

SU Fan, SUN Ji-min, LING Feng, ZHANG Rong, LIU Ying, WANG Zhen. Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and host animal surveillance in Zhejiang province, China, 2021[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2023, 34(3): 378-382.

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