北京市门头沟区常住居民动物伤害现况及影响因素调查

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.05.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解北京市门头沟区常住居民动物伤害现状，为制定动物相关传染病防控策略、减少动物伤害提供科学依据。方法 2018年2－8月，采取分层抽样的方式，随机抽取门头沟区3个乡镇，从3个乡镇中随机抽取620户家庭，每个家庭由1人参与调查，使用自主编制的调查问卷。统计分析使用SPSS 22.0软件，动物伤害现状采用描述性统计方法，率的比较采用χ²检验，影响因素分析采用logistic回归。结果收回有效问卷596份，总有效率为96.13%。146人曾经被动物致伤，占24.50%。Logistic回归分析结果显示，家中饲养宠物、住平房、家中有儿童、外地户籍、收入低和文化程度低的人被动物致伤的比例更高。被动物致伤的146人中，135人被宠物致伤，占92.47%；11人被无主动物致伤，占7.53%；105人被犬致伤，占71.92%；40人被猫致伤，占27.40%。仅111人被动物致伤后接种了疫苗，占致伤总人数的76.03%。结论门头沟区常住居民受动物伤害较频繁，且主要被宠物伤害。今后应采取提高宣传力度、加强动物管理、提高动物免疫率等综合防控措施来减少动物伤害。

关键词: 动物伤害, 狂犬病, 影响因素, 对策

Abstract: Objective To investigate the current status of animal-induced injuries in permanent residents in Mentougou district, Beijing, China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies against animal-related infectious diseases and reducing animal-induced injuries. Methods From February to August 2018, stratified sampling was used to randomly select 620 persons from 620 households (one person from each household) in three townships randomly selected from Mentougou district. The selected persons were surveyed using a self-designed questionnaire. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis, descriptive statistical method was used for describing the current status of animal-induced injuries, chi-square test was used for rate comparison, and logistic regression was used for analysis of influencing factors. Results A total of 596 usable questionnaires were collected, with an overall response rate of 96.13%. One hundred and forty-six people (24.50%) had animal-induced injuries. The logistic regression analysis showed that people were more likely to have animal-induced injuries if they had a pet at home, lived in a bungalow, had a child in the family, were non-native residents, had a low income, or had a low education level. Among the 146 people injured by animals, 135 (92.47%) were injured by pets and 11 (7.53%) by ownerless animals; 105 people (71.92%) were injured by dogs and 40 (27.40%) by cats. Only 111 people were vaccinated after injury, accounting for 76.03% of the total number of people injured. Conclusion It is very common for residents in Mentougou district to be injured by animals, particularly by pets. In the future, animal-induced injuries should be reduced by taking comprehensive prevention and control measures such as reinforcing education, strengthening pet management, and improving animal immunization rate.

Key words: Animal-induced injury, Rabies, Influencing factor, Countermeasure

中图分类号:

周冰, 曹殿起, 付慧英, 刘缘, 史文静, 彭素标. 北京市门头沟区常住居民动物伤害现况及影响因素调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(5): 619-622.

ZHOU Bing, CAO Dian-qi, FU Hui-ying, LIU Yuan, SHI Wen-jing, PENG Su-biao. An investigation of current status and influencing factors of animal-induced injuries in permanent residents in Mentougou district, Beijing, China[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2020, 31(5): 619-622.

参考文献

[1] 李春宵.城市居民宠物饲养存在问题与对策[J].中国畜禽种业,2018,14(7):36. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-4556.2018.07.024. Li CX. Problems and countermeasures in pet keeping of urban residents[J].Chin Livestock Poult Breed,2018,14(7):36. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-4556.2018.07.024.
[2] 徐褚,赵海云.宠物犬饲养管理不当的危害及防控措施[J].山东畜牧兽医,2018,39(2):72-73. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-1733.2018.02.047. Xu C,Zhao HY. Harm and control measures of improper management of pet dog raising[J].Shandong J Anim Sci Vet Med,2018,39(2):72-73. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-1733.2018.02.047.
[3] 茅蓉,金安宝,顾伟玲. 浙江省嘉兴市2011-2016年犬伤门诊Ⅲ级暴露者特征与预防处置影响因素分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(4):373-378. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.04.014. Mao R,Jin AB,Gu WL. Analysis on characteristics and influence factors of prevention and treatment of grade Ⅲ rabies exposure population at rabies clinic of Jiaxing,Zhejiang province 2011-2016[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018,29(4):373-378. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.04.014.
[4] 赵敏.浅析陕西省狂犬病防控措施及存在的问题和对策[J].畜禽业,2019,30(7):109-110. DOI:10.19567/j.cnki.1008-0414.2019.07.087. Zhao M. The problems and countermeasures of the prevention and control measures of rabies in Shaanxi province[J]. Lives Poult Ind,2019,30(7):109-110. DOI:10.19567/j.cnki.1008-0414.2019.07.087.
[5] 周冰,徐阳,张一华,等. 2010-2016年北京市门头沟区狂犬病暴露病例流行病学特征[J].职业与健康,2017,33(17):2359-2362. DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2017.0705. Zhou B,Xu Y,Zhang YH,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposure cases in Mentougou district of Beijing from 2010-2016[J]. Occup Health,2017,33(17):2359-2362. DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2017.0705.
[6] 周冰,彭素标.北京市门头沟区2010-2013年狂犬病监测结果分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(3):299-302. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.03.020. Zhou B,Peng SB. Surveillance of human rabies in Mentougou district of Beijing during 2010-2013[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2015,26(3):299-302. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.03.020.
[7] 张英,印庆华,杨玲玲.上海市嘉定区35253例狂犬病暴露病例流行病学分析[J].中国临床医学,2019,26(2):315-317. DOI:10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2019.20190205. Zhang Y,Yin QH,Yang LL. Epidemiological analysis of 35253 cases of rabies exposure in Jiading district of Shanghai[J]. Chin J Clin Med,2019,26(2):315-317. DOI:10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2019.20190205.
[8] 王青海,王旭,王倩,等. 北京市西城区2010-2017年狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征分析[J]. 中国生物制品学杂志,2019,32(2):165-168. DOI:10.13200/j.cnki.cjb.002466. Wang QH,Wang X,Wang Q,et al. Epidemiological characters of population exposed to rabies in Xicheng district,Beijing during 2010-2017[J]. Chin J Biol,2019,32(2):165-168. DOI:10.13200/j.cnki.cjb.002466.
[9] 安洲,王斐,李笑梅,等. 安徽省芜湖市2014年狂犬病暴露处置监测分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(6):641-644. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.06.024. An Z,Wang F,Li XM,et al. Analysis of rabies post-exposure treatment surveillance in Wuhu city in 2014[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018,29(6):641-644. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.06.024.
[10] 周宏鹏,刘拥军,张秀娟,等. 全球狂犬病流行现状及防治策略[J].中国动物检疫,2015,32(1):50-52. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-944X.2015.01.019. Zhou HP,Liu YJ,Zhang XJ,et al. Global epidemic situation and elimination strategies of rabies[J]. Chin Anim Health Inspect,2015,32(1):50-52. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-944X.2015.01.019.
[11] 王辉,仇杰,王宇红,等. 2016-2018年兰州市狂犬病暴露人群流行病学分析[J].现代预防医学,2019,46(13):2310-2313,2354. Wang H,Qiu J,Wang YH,et al. Epidemiological analysis of rabies exposed population in Lanzhou,2016-2018[J]. Mod Prev Med,2019,46(13):2310-2313,2354.
[12] 佟丽,王传林,张怡滨,等. 我国狂犬病暴露后"2-1-1"免疫程序研发及应用分析[J]. 中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2018,13(11):1156-1158. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6966.2018.11.030. Tong L,Wang CL,Zhang YB,et al. Development and application of "2-1-1" immune program after rabies exposure in China[J].Chin J Emerg Resusc Disaster Med,2018,13(11):1156-1158. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6966.2018.11.030.
[13] 王传林,殷文武. 世界卫生组织2018年狂犬病疫苗立场文件解读[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2018,13(11):1039-1050. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-6966.2018.11.004. Wang CL,Yin WW. Interpretation of World Health Organization rabies vaccine position paper in 2018[J]. Chin J Emerg Resusc Disaster Med,2018,13(11):1039-1050. DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1673-6966.2018.11.004.
[14] 唐金芳,陆婉珠,梁灵芝,等. 2005-2017年南宁市狂犬病流行病学特征及潜伏期影响因素分析[J]. 实用预防医学,2019,26(6):667-671. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2019.06.008. Tang JF,Lu WZ,Liang LZ,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies and factors affecting its incubation period in Nanning city,2005-2017[J]. Pract Prev Med,2019,26(6):667-671. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2019.06.008.
[15] 李艳丽,刘晓强,杨海涛,等. 2005-2017年云南省狂犬病流行病学特征分析[J]. 疾病监测,2018,33(12):1014-1017. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2018.12.011. Li YL,Liu XQ,Yang HT,et al. Analysis on rabies epidemiology in Yunnan province,2005-2017[J]. Dis Surveill,2018,33(12):1014-1017. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2018.12.011.
[16] 李晓梅,张雪春,卢莉. 北京市2005-2012年狂犬病流行特征分析[J]. 现代预防医学,2014,41(12):2119-2121. Li XM,Zhang XC,Lu L. Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies from 2005 to 2012 in Beijing[J].Mod Prev Med,2014,41(12):2119-2121.