关键词: 狂犬病, 暴露人群, 动物致伤处置门诊

Abstract: Objective To provide evidence for rabies control and prevention by investigating the epidemiological characteristics of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in Tianjin, China, from 2009-2016. Methods The data of 85 rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and human rabies cases were collected. Excel 2007 was used for data entry and SPSS 22.0 for Chi-square test and Mann-Kendall test. Results A total of 636 286 cases were reported with an average of 558.20/100 000 during 2009-2016 in Tianjin. The difference among annual exposure rate was statistically significant (χ²=9 016.882, P=0.000). The exposure rate of degree Ⅱ wound showed an upward trend (Z=2.230, P<0.05). The number of incidents from May to August constituted 43.50% of all the incidents. The exposure rate was higher in males (χ²=223.512, P=0.000). The exposure rate in 0-14 years of age was 117.13/100 000, the highest rate during all age groups. Dog bites constituted 82.28% of all exposures. The number of person with degree Ⅱ exposure accounted for 70.67%, 52.35% of the wounds were on the upper limb. Clinical wound cleaning constituted 86.60% of the wounds and 99.80% of the exposed persons were inoculated with rabies vaccines. The inoculation rate of passive immunizing agents showed an upward trend but only 31.48% of persons with degree Ⅲ exposure was given. Conclusion We should standardize the outpatient treatment relying on the establishment of post-exposure prophylaxis clinics. The health education and intervention should be strengthened.

Key words: Rabies, Exposure, Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis clinic